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The Batson venous plexus, which communicates the posterior intercostal vessels with the vertebral plexus, lacks valves so blood can flow in both directions. The clinical importance of this venous communication is that it represents an important phase in the establishment of vertebral metastases [ 6 ] and neuroschistomiasis.
Transverse section of the human spleen, showing the distribution of the splenic artery and its branches. Section of the spleen, showing the termination of the small bloodvessels. Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels.
The trabecular arteries are the name of the branches of the splenic artery after it passes into the trabeculae of the spleen, where it branches.When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles).
The blood is collected from the interstices of the splenic tissue by the rootlets of the veins, which begin much in the same way as the arteries end. The connective-tissue corpuscles of the pulp arrange themselves in rows, in such a way as to form an elongated space or sinus.
The dorsal scapular artery (or descending scapular artery [3]) is a blood vessel which supplies the levator scapulae, rhomboids, [4] and trapezius. It most frequently arises from the subclavian artery (the second or third part), [3] but a quarter of the time it arises from the transverse cervical artery. [5]
This allows blood from the right ventricle to mostly bypass the pulmonary vessels as they develop. The final section of the aortic arch is known as the aortic isthmus. This is so called because it is a narrowing ( isthmus ) of the aorta as a result of decreased blood flow when in foetal life. [ 13 ]
The transverse sinuses are frequently of unequal size, with the one formed by the superior sagittal sinus being the larger; they increase in size as they proceed, from back to center. On transverse section, the horizontal portion exhibits a prismatic form, the curved portion has a semicylindrical form.
Blood vessels that penetrate the brain first pass across the surface and then go inwards toward the brain. This direction of flow leads to a layer of the pia mater being carried inwards and loosely adhering to the vessels, leading to the production of a space, namely a perivascular space, between the pia mater and each blood vessel.