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For example, 13 0 0 has three significant figures (and hence indicates that the number is precise to the nearest ten). Less often, using a closely related convention, the last significant figure of a number may be underlined; for example, "1 3 00" has two significant figures. A decimal point may be placed after the number; for example "1300."
which gives 16 correct digits for π after the decimal point: π ≈ 3.1415926535897932 {\displaystyle \pi \approx 3.1415926535897932} He achieved this level of accuracy by calculating the perimeter of a regular polygon with 3 × 2 28 sides.
[nb 2] For instance rounding 9.46 to one decimal gives 9.5, and then 10 when rounding to integer using rounding half to even, but would give 9 when rounded to integer directly. Borman and Chatfield [15] discuss the implications of double rounding when comparing data rounded to one decimal place to specification limits expressed using integers.
So a fixed-point scheme might use a string of 8 decimal digits with the decimal point in the middle, whereby "00012345" would represent 0001.2345. In scientific notation, the given number is scaled by a power of 10, so that it lies within a specific range—typically between 1 and 10, with the radix point appearing immediately after the first ...
If the decimal was moved to the left, append × 10 n; to the right, × 10 −n. To represent the number 1,230,400 in normalized scientific notation, the decimal separator would be moved 6 digits to the left and × 10 6 appended, resulting in 1.2304 × 10 6. The number −0.004 0321 would have its decimal separator shifted 3 digits to the right ...
Round-to-nearest: () is set to the nearest floating-point number to . When there is a tie, the floating-point number whose last stored digit is even (also, the last digit, in binary form, is equal to 0) is used.
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An order-of-magnitude estimate of a variable, whose precise value is unknown, is an estimate rounded to the nearest power of ten. For example, an order-of-magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion (such as the human population of the Earth) is 10 billion. To round a number to its nearest order of magnitude, one ...