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Temperance is a major Athenian virtue, as advocated by Plato; self-restraint (sôphrosune) is one of his four core virtues of the ideal city. In " Charmides ", one of Plato's early dialogues, an attempt is made to describe temperance, but fails to reach an adequate definition.
The Charmides (/ ˈ k ɑːr m ɪ d iː z /; Ancient Greek: Χαρμίδης) is a dialogue of Plato, in which Socrates engages a handsome and popular boy named Charmides in a conversation about the meaning of sophrosyne, a Greek word usually translated into English as "temperance," "self-control," or "restraint."
Plato sometimes [c] lists holiness (hosiotes, eusebeia, aidos) amongst the cardinal virtues. He especially associates holiness with justice, but leaves their precise relationship unexplained. In Aristotle's Rhetoric, we read: The forms of Virtue are justice, courage, temperance, magnificence, magnanimity, liberality, gentleness, prudence, wisdom.
Socrates proceeds to search for wisdom, courage, and temperance in the city, on the grounds that justice will be easier to discern in what remains (427e). They find wisdom among the guardian rulers, courage among the guardian warriors (or auxiliaries), temperance among all classes of the city in agreeing about who should rule and who should be ...
Sophrosyne (Ancient Greek: σωφροσύνη) is an ancient Greek concept of an ideal of excellence of character and soundness of mind, which when combined in one well-balanced individual leads to other qualities, such as temperance, moderation, prudence, purity, decorum, and self-control. An adjectival form is "sophron". [1]
In Christian tradition, the seven heavenly virtues combine the four cardinal virtues of prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude with the three theological virtues of faith, hope, and charity. The seven capital virtues, also known as seven lively virtues, contrary or remedial virtues, are those opposite the seven deadly sins.
Charmides (/ ˈ k ɑːr m ɪ d iː z /; Ancient Greek: Χαρμίδης), son of Glaucon, born circa 446 BC, was an Athenian statesman. [1] An uncle of Plato, Charmides appears in the Platonic dialogue bearing his name (), the Protagoras, and the Symposium, as well as in Xenophon's Symposium, Memorabilia, and Hellenica. [2]
Temperance (σωφροσύνη, sōphrosýnē; Latin: temperantia): also known as restraint, the practice of self-control, abstention, discretion, and moderation tempering the appetition. Plato considered sōphrosynē, which may also be translated as sound-mindedness, to be the most important virtue.