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Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Scientists study the behaviour of isolated cells grown in the laboratory for insights into how cells function in the body in health and disease. Experiments using cell culture are used for developing new diagnostic tests and new treatments for diseases. This is a list of major breast cancer cell lines that are primarily used in breast cancer ...
With doctors who are experts in dermatoscopy, the diagnostic accuracy for melanoma is significantly better than those who do not have any specialized training. [3] Thus, there is considerable improvement in the sensitivity (detection of melanomas) as well as specificity (percentage of non-melanomas correctly diagnosed as benign), compared with naked eye examination.
To be safe, physicians offer the vast majority of people with DCIS the same current standard treatment options: surgery, radiation, and often hormone therapy drugs. That may not be the best path ...
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Cancer treatment needs to be selected to do least harm to both the woman and her embryo/fetus. In some cases a therapeutic abortion may be recommended. Radiation therapy is out of the question, and chemotherapy always poses the risk of miscarriage and congenital malformations. [63] Little is known about the effects of medications on the child.
Elle Macpherson reveals in her upcoming memoir that she was diagnosed with breast cancer seven years ago and is now in "clincical remission" after opting out of a traditional treatment path for ...
Determining the appropriate regimen to use depends on many factors; such as, the character of the tumor, lymph node status, and the age and health of the patient. [3] The following is a list of some of the commonly used adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: CMF: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. [4]