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The total number of genes that contribute to eye color is unknown, but there are a few likely candidates. A study in Rotterdam (2009) found that it was possible to predict eye color with more than 90% accuracy for brown and blue using just six SNPs. [16] [17] In humans, eye color is a highly sexually dimorphic trait. [18]
The sclera, [note 1] also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber. [2] In the development of the embryo, the sclera is derived from the neural crest. [3]
Martin-Schultz scale. The Martin–Schultz scale is a standard color scale commonly used in physical anthropology to establish more or less precisely the eye color of an individual; it was created by the anthropologists Rudolf Martin and Bruno K Schultz in the first half of the 20th century.
Grey eyes make up about 3 percent of the world's population—the second rarest eye color. There are also rare cases of violet and red-colored eyes. What Determines Eye Color?
Related: The Rarest Eye Color in the World: What It Is and Why. What Causes Hazel Eyes? Eye color is determined by the amount and distribution of melanin in the iris of the eye, in addition to the ...
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The original Martin scale, summarized below, consists of 16 colors (from light blue to dark brown-black) that correspond to the different eye colors observed in nature due to the amount of melanin in the iris. The numbering is reversed in order to match the Martin–Schultz scale, which is still used in biological anthropology. In this case ...
The cooperative eye hypothesis is not the only one that has been proposed to explain the appearance of the human eye. Other hypotheses include the proposal that white sclerae are a sign of good health, useful in mate selection , or that eye visibility promotes altruistic behaviour by letting people know they are being watched.