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  2. Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_distortion

    Negative belief is maintained despite contradiction by everyday experiences. Disqualifying the positive may be the most common fallacy in the cognitive distortion range; it is often analyzed with "always being right", a type of distortion where a person is in an all-or-nothing self-judgment.

  3. Delusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusion

    A delusion [a] is a false fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. [2] As a pathology, it is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, hallucination, or some other misleading effects of perception, as individuals with those beliefs are able to change or readjust their beliefs upon reviewing the evidence.

  4. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise, [5] or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are distorted by wishful thinking. Both effects can be present at the same time. [7] [8]

  5. Bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias

    Self-serving bias is the tendency for cognitive or perceptual processes to be distorted by the individual's need to maintain and enhance self-esteem. [57] It is the propensity to credit accomplishment to our own capacities and endeavors, yet attribute failure to outside factors, [ 58 ] to dismiss the legitimacy of negative criticism ...

  6. Cognitive restructuring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_restructuring

    Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, [1] such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, [1] and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. [2]

  7. Delusional disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusional_disorder

    The DSM-IV and psychologists agree that personal beliefs should be evaluated with great respect to cultural and religious differences, as some cultures have normalized beliefs that may be considered delusional in other cultures. [14] An earlier, now-obsolete, nosological name for delusional disorder was "paranoia". This should not be confused ...

  8. Cognitive behavioral therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy

    Cognitive distortions can be either a pseudo-discrimination belief [clarification needed] or an overgeneralization of something. [183] CBT techniques may also be used to help individuals take a more open, mindful, and aware posture toward cognitive distortions so as to diminish their impact.

  9. Ideas and delusions of reference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideas_and_delusions_of...

    [12] While accepting that "there is certainly confusion between persecutory fantasies and persecutory realities", figures like David Cooper believe that "ideas of connection with apparently remote people, or ideas of being influenced by others equally remote, are in fact stating their experience" of social influence – albeit in a distorted ...