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An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
Employee-driven growth (EDG) is a business philosophy that centers an organization’s growth on employee support, engagement, and development. [1] It uses employee recognition, engagement, and rewards as strategies for business growth and customer satisfaction .
Delocalizing the radical ion stabilizes the transition state structure. As a result, the energy of activation decreases, enhancing the rate of the overall reaction. According to the captodative effect, the rate of a reaction is the greatest when both the EDG and EWG are able to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state structure. [7]
“The Economic Gains Have Begun To Expand Beyond The Oil And Gas Fields.” “Even so, there are signs the economic gains have begun to expand beyond the oil and gas fields and that the promise of abundant, low-cost fuels will give a competitive edge to industries from steel, aluminum
The first use of second-wave strategies was in the late 1960s [8] and early 70s. [1] In second-wave economic development, practitioners began to use strategies to retain and expand existing firms. They also included a focus on small business development [2] through entrepreneurial tools like loans and enterprise zones. [9]
The extensive use of game theory in industrial economics has led to the export of this tool to other branches of microeconomics, such as behavioral economics and corporate finance. Industrial organization has also had significant practical impacts on antitrust law and competition policy .
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when James W. Owens joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a 41.4 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
“Uncertainty always comes with economic transitions,” he said. “Potential shifts in trade policies, manufacturing costs or interest rates could directly impact sourcing and operations.”