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  2. Microfibril - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfibril

    Cellulose inside plants is one of the examples of non-protein compounds that are using this term with the same purpose. Cellulose microfibrils are laid down in the inner surface of the primary cell wall. As the cell absorbs water, its volume increases and the existing microfibrils separate and new ones are formed to help increase cell strength.

  3. Secondary cell wall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_cell_wall

    The direction of the microfibrils is called microfibril angle (MFA). In the secondary cell wall of fibres of trees a low microfibril angle is found in the S2-layer, while S1 and S3-layers show a higher MFA . However, the MFA can also change depending on the loads on the tissue. It has been shown that in reaction wood the MFA in S2-layer can ...

  4. Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_synthase_(UDP...

    Cellulose microfibrils are made on the surface of cell membranes to reinforce cells walls, which has been researched extensively by plant biochemists and cell biologist because 1) they regulate cellular morphogenesis and 2) they serve alongside many other constituents (i.e. lignin, hemicellulose, pectin) in the cell wall as a strong structural support and cell shape. [15]

  5. Cellulose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose

    Cellulolysis is the process of breaking down cellulose into smaller polysaccharides called cellodextrins or completely into glucose units; this is a hydrolysis reaction. Because cellulose molecules bind strongly to each other, cellulolysis is relatively difficult compared to the breakdown of other polysaccharides . [ 36 ]

  6. Fibril - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibril

    It is one of the most resilient protein in nature. It has a low stiffness ~0.6MPa but a high energy restoring percentage ~98%, and efficiently helps flying insects to flap wings or fleas to jump. Spider silk fibril is composed of stiff crystallized β-sheets structure, responsible for strength, and amorphous matrix surrounding, improving ...

  7. Hemicellulose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemicellulose

    Based on the structural difference, like backbone linkages and side groups, as well as other factors, like abundance and distributions in plants, hemicelluloses can be categorized into four groups as following: [4] 1) xylans, 2) mannans; 3) mixed linkage β-glucans; 4) xyloglucans.

  8. Bacterial cellulose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cellulose

    Plant cellulose, which makes up the cell walls of most plants, is a tough, mesh-like bulkwork in which cellulose fibrils are the primary architectural elements. While bacterial cellulose has the same molecular formula as plant cellulose, it has significantly different macromolecular properties and characteristics. [8]

  9. Guard cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_cell

    [citation needed] Each guard cell has a relatively thick and thinner cuticle [clarification needed] on the pore-side and a thin one opposite it. As water enters the cell, the thin side bulges outward like a balloon and draws the thick side along with it, forming a crescent; the combined crescents form the opening of the pore.

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