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A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems. Knowledge-based systems were the focus of early artificial intelligence researchers in the 1980s. The term can refer to a broad range of systems.
Knowledge-Based Decision-Making (KBDM) in management is a decision-making process [2] that uses predetermined criteria to measure and ensure the optimal outcome for a specific topic. KBDM is used to make decisions by establishing a thought process and reasoning behind a decision. [ 3 ]
It is therefore a process which can be more or less rational or irrational and can be based on explicit or tacit knowledge and beliefs. Tacit knowledge is often used to fill the gaps in complex decision-making processes. [3] Usually, both of these types of knowledge, tacit and explicit, are used together in the decision-making process.
The more common view is, therefore, to see knowledge-how and knowledge-that as two distinct types of knowledge. [7] [9] [4] Another often-discussed alternative type of knowledge is knowledge by acquaintance. It is defined as a direct familiarity with an individual, often with a person, and only arises if one has met this individual personally.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.
The word cognition dates back to the 15th century, where it meant "thinking and awareness". [4] The term comes from the Latin noun cognitio ('examination', 'learning', or 'knowledge'), derived from the verb cognosco, a compound of con ('with') and gnōscō ('know').
According to another, there is no experience of thinking apart from the indirect effects thinking has on sensory experience. [4] [101] A weaker version of such an approach allows that thinking may have a distinct phenomenology but contends that thinking still depends on sensory experience because it cannot occur on its own. On this view ...
The ideal representation for a knowledge base is an object model (often called an ontology in artificial intelligence literature) with classes, subclasses and instances. Early expert systems also had little need for multiple users or the complexity that comes with requiring transactional properties on data.