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2. Light - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light

   Light exerts physical pressure on objects in its path, a phenomenon which can be deduced by Maxwell's equations, but can be more easily explained by the particle nature of light: photons strike and transfer their momentum. Light pressure is equal to the power of the light beam divided by c, the speed of light.

3. Visible spectrum - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_spectrum

   Visible-light spectroscopy is an important tool in astronomy (as is spectroscopy at other wavelengths), where scientists use it to analyze the properties of distant objects. Chemical elements and small molecules can be detected in astronomical objects by observing emission lines and absorption lines .

4. Brightness - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightness

   Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light. [1] In other words, brightness is the perception elicited by the luminance of a visual target. The perception is not linear to luminance, and relies on the context of the viewing environment (for example, see White's illusion).

5. Optical spectrometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_spectrometer

   The wavelength of light is then selected by the slit on the upper right corner. An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. [1]

6. Crystal optics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_optics

   This causes a rotation of the principal axes of the medium and alters the behaviour of light travelling through it; the effect can be used to produce light modulators. In response to a magnetic field , some materials can have a dielectric tensor that is complex- Hermitian ; this is called a gyro-magnetic or magneto-optic effect .

7. Transparency and translucency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency

   Light scattering in liquids and solids depends on the wavelength of the light being scattered. Limits to spatial scales of visibility (using white light) therefore arise, depending on the frequency of the light wave and the physical dimension (or spatial scale) of the scattering center. Visible light has a wavelength scale on the order of 0.5 μm.