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TCP window scale option is needed for efficient transfer of data when the bandwidth-delay product (BDP) is greater than 64 KB [1].For instance, if a T1 transmission line of 1.5 Mbit/s was used over a satellite link with a 513 millisecond round-trip time (RTT), the bandwidth-delay product is ,, =, bits or about 96,187 bytes.
where RWIN is the TCP Receive Window and RTT is the round-trip time for the path. The Max TCP Window size in the absence of TCP window scale option is 65,535 bytes. Example: Max Bandwidth = 65,535 bytes / 0.220 s = 297886.36 B/s * 8 = 2.383 Mbit/s. Over a single TCP connection between those endpoints, the tested bandwidth will be restricted to ...
Window: 16 bits The size of the receive window, which specifies the number of window size units [b] that the sender of this segment is currently willing to receive. [c] (See § Flow control and § Window scaling.) Checksum: 16 bits The 16-bit checksum field is used for error-checking of the TCP header, the payload and an IP pseudo-header.
The TCP header uses a 16 bit field to report the receiver window size to the sender. Therefore, the largest window that can be used is 2 16 = 64 kilobytes. In slow-start mode, the transmitter starts with low packet count and increases the number of packets in each transmission after receiving acknowledgment packets from receiver.
When a connection is set up, the congestion window, a value maintained independently at each host, is set to a small multiple of the maximum segment size (MSS) allowed on that connection. Further variance in the congestion window is dictated by an additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD) approach.
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The common header, which occupies the first 12 bytes. In the adjacent diagram, this header is highlighted in blue. The data chunks, which form the remaining portion of the packet. In the diagram, the first chunk is highlighted in green and the last of N chunks (Chunk N) is highlighted in red. There are several types, including payload data and ...
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