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In metallurgy, cold forming or cold working is any metalworking process in which metal is shaped below its recrystallization temperature, usually at the ambient temperature.. Such processes are contrasted with hot working techniques like hot rolling, forging, welding, etc. [1]: p.375 The same or similar terms are used in glassmaking for the equivalents; for example cut glass is made by "cold ...
Thus "fasten using FN7" refers to a fastener that is "find number" 7 in the list. FoS: feature of size: A type of physical feature on a part. An FoS is a feature that can have size associated with it, usually involving the opposition of two surfaces (e.g., the two diametrically opposite sides of a hole wall; the two opposite walls of a slot or ...
Although they are usually used to attach pipe and fittings to mechanical supports in buildings, they do not connect the pipes. Fasteners commonly used with piping are a stud bolt [25] with nuts (usually fully threaded, with two heavy, hexagonal nuts); a machine bolt and nut; or a powder-actuated tool (PAT) fastener (usually a nail or threaded ...
[1] [2] The process of wire drawing changes material properties due to cold working. The area reduction in small wires is generally 15–25% and in larger wires is 20–45%. [1] The exact die sequence for a particular job is a function of area reduction, input wire size and output wire size. As the area reduction changes, so does the die ...
Material is generally annealed between each drawing pass to increase its ductility and remove internal stresses produced during the cold working. Annealing : This is a thermal treatment generally used to soften the material being drawn; to modify the microstructure, the mechanical properties, and the machining characteristics of the steel; and ...
The original purpose of the taper was to enable the screws to be made using cold forming of the heads, [3]: 79–81 but the taper has two other advantages which have helped popularize it: It makes inserting the tool easier and it helps keep the screw on the tool without the user having to hold it there.
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A finishing operation, shaping, cold works the points on the tooth sides to flats. It might be considered as a side swage. This slightly reduces the tooth width but increases the operating time between "fittings". Swaging is a major advance over filing as the operation is faster, more precise and greatly extends the working life of a saw.