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Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) are proteins which regulate transcription of interferons (see regulation of gene expression). [1] Interferon regulatory factors contain a conserved N-terminal region of about 120 amino acids, which folds into a structure that binds specifically to the IRF-element (IRF-E) motifs, which is located upstream of the interferon genes. [2]
Interferon regulatory factor 1 was the first member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family identified. Initially described as a transcription factor able to activate expression of the cytokine Interferon beta, [6] IRF-1 was subsequently shown to function as a transcriptional activator or repressor of a variety of target genes.
IRF3 is a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. [5] IRF3 was originally discovered as a homolog of IRF1 and IRF2.IRF3 has been further characterized and shown to contain several functional domains including a nuclear export signal, a DNA-binding domain, a C-terminal IRF association domain and several regulatory phosphorylation sites. [6]
IRF4 is a transcription factor belonging to the Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) family of transcription factors. [8] [9] In contrast to some other IRF family members, IRF4 expression is not initiated by interferons; rather, IRF4 expression is promoted by a variety of bioactive stimuli, including antigen receptor engagement, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), IL-4, and CD40.
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF8 gene. [5] [6] [7] IRF8 is a transcription factor that plays critical roles in the regulation of lineage commitment and in myeloid cell maturation including the decision for a common myeloid progenitor (CMP) to differentiate into a ...
Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF5 gene. [5] The IRF family is a group of transcription factors that are involved in signaling for virus responses in mammals along with regulation of certain cellular functions.
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells recognition, and T-cell responses. In the human genome, a cluster of thirteen functional IFN genes is located at the 9p21.3 cytoband over approximately 400 kb including coding genes for IFNα (IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNA4, IFNA5, IFNA6, IFNA7, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA13, IFNA14, IFNA16 ...
IRF7 encodes interferon regulatory factor 7, a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family. IRF7 has been shown to play a role in the transcriptional activation of virus-inducible cellular genes, including the type I interferon genes.