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The medical model of disability, or medical model, is based in a biomedical perception of disability. This model links a disability diagnosis to an individual's physical body. The model supposes that a disability may reduce the individual's quality of life and aims to correct or diminish the disability with medical intervention. [1]
The medical model, also known as the normalization model, [22] views disability as a medical disorder, in need of treatment and ultimately cure. [12] Its endpoint is a world where disability no longer exists, as all disabilities have been "cured". [12] In the medical model, physicians are the primary authorities on disability. [21]
Disability studies is an academic discipline that examines the meaning, nature, and consequences of disability.Initially, the field focused on the division between "impairment" and "disability", where impairment was an impairment of an individual's mind or body, while disability was considered a social construct. [1]
Medical model is the term coined by psychiatrist R. D. Laing in his The Politics of the Family and Other Essays (1971), for the "set of procedures in which all doctors are trained". [1] It includes complaint, history, physical examination, ancillary tests if needed, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis with and without treatment.
The ICF classification includes more than 1,400 categories limiting its use in clinical practice. [12] It is time-consuming for a clinician to utilize the main volume of the ICF with his or her patients. Only a fraction of the categories is needed. As a general rule, 20% of the codes will explain 80% of the variance observed in practice. [13]
The individual, in this case, must overcome their disability by medical care. In the medical model, medical care is viewed as the main issue, and at the political level, the principal response is that of modifying or reforming healthcare policy. [26] [27] The medical model focuses on finding causes and cures for disabilities.
The biomedical model of medicine care is the medical model used in most Western healthcare settings, and is built from the perception that a state of health is defined purely in the absence of illness. [1]: 24, 26 The biomedical model contrasts with sociological theories of care. [1]: 1 [2]
It has led to a new conceptualisation of disability as not simply being a medical issue (the medical model which saw the person as indistinguishable from the disorder, though Wolfensberger continued to use the term into the 2000s, [13] but as a social situation as described in social role valorization.