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An alloy is distinct from an impure metal in that, with an alloy, the added elements are well controlled to produce desirable properties, while impure metals such as wrought iron are less controlled, but are often considered useful. Alloys are made by mixing two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.
Increases the toughness of steel, thus making molybdenum a very valuable alloy metal for making the cutting parts of machine tools and also the turbine blades of turbojet engines. Also used in rocket motors. Nickel: 2–5 Toughener 12–20 Increases corrosion resistance Niobium — Stabilizes microstructure Silicon: 0.2–0.7 Increases strength 2.0
Using a mixture of elemental and master alloy powders (the latter to reduce the activity of the element, since it is known that the activity in an alloy or a compound could be orders of magnitude less than in a pure metal) Eliminating the use of surface-active agents which would produce fine pyrophoric powder as well as contaminate the powder
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Other special-purpose alloys include weathering steels such as Cor-ten, which weather by acquiring a stable, rusted surface, and so can be used un-painted. [82] Maraging steel is alloyed with nickel and other elements, but unlike most steel contains little carbon (0.01%).
A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy with the ability to operate at a high fraction of its melting point. [1] Key characteristics of a superalloy include mechanical strength , thermal creep deformation resistance, surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance.
Titanium alloys make lightweight products like pocketknives Grade 1 is the most ductile and softest titanium alloy. It is a good solution for cold forming and corrosive environments. ASTM/ASME SB-265 provides the standards for commercially pure titanium sheet and plate. [18] Grade 2 Unalloyed titanium, standard oxygen. Grade 2H
The second moment of area is proportional to the cube of the radius times the wall thickness, thus increasing the radius (and weight) by 26% will lead to a halving of the wall stress. For this reason, bicycle frames made of aluminium alloys make use of larger tube diameters than steel or titanium in order to yield the desired stiffness and ...