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The refugees, who mostly are of Syrian or Palestinian origin, are predominantly Sunni Muslim, but include Christians and Shia Muslims. [2] Under the National Pact, the president of Lebanon must be a Maronite Christian, [7] the prime minister a Sunni Muslim, [8] and the speaker of parliament a Shia Muslim. [9]
There has been no official census in Lebanon since 1932. According to the CIA World Factbook, [19] the Muslim population is estimated at around 59.5% [20] within the Lebanese territory and of the 8.6 [21] –14 [22] million Lebanese diaspora is believed by some to be about 20% [citation needed] of the total population.
Lebanon has the world's second-largest Druze population, after Syria. Under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation), the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities in Lebanon (Sunni, Shia, Druze, Alawi, and Ismaili), although the Druze are no longer considered formally Muslim.
The religious affiliations of presidents of Lebanon are a major condition in determining the eligibility candidate. Since the identity of Lebanese population is divided by religion and sects, an unwritten understanding between them resulted in Christians taking the position since its establishment.
Lebanese Christians constitute the majority of the Lebanese diaspora worldwide. According to a 2015 study, an estimated 2,500 Lebanese Christians have Arab Muslim ancestry, whereas the majority of Lebanese Christians are direct descendants of the original early Christians. [6]
In general it appears that Muslims focus more on the Arab identity of the Lebanese history and culture whereas the Christian communities–especially the Maronites, focus on their history and struggles as an ethnoreligious group as distinct from Arab identity and the Arab world, while also reaffirming the Lebanese identity, as well as ...
The leader of a Christian coalition and political party in Lebanon is calling on the U.S. and its Western allies to deploy troops to Lebanon to help the army dismantle Hezbollah.
The Constitution provides that Lebanese Christians and Lebanese Muslims be represented equally in Parliament, the Cabinet, and high-level civil service positions, which include the ministry ranks of Secretary General and Director General. It also provides that these posts be distributed proportionally among the recognized religious groups.