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Oahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge Oʻahu Forest National Wildlife Refuge was established in 2000 to protect fish, wildlife, and plants which are listed as threatened or endangered species. [ 2 ] The refuge encompasses approximately 4,525 acres (18.31 km 2 ) and is managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Much of Hawaii's native lowland habitat was first degraded following the Polynesians’ arrival over a thousand years ago. In the late 18th century, cattle , goats , and European pigs were additionally released into the forests, and hundreds of additional alien plants, animals, and insects have subsequently been introduced.
The Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Oʻahu, Hawaii. It was created in 1972 to mitigate the wildlife resource disturbances caused by construction of the Honolulu International Airport Reef Runway. The Refuge includes three units, the Honouliuli, Waiwa and Kalaeloa.
James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge lies at the northernmost tip of the Hawaiian island of Oʻahu, between the town of Kahuku to the east and Turtle Bay to the west. It serves as a strategic landfall for migratory birds coming from as far away as Alaska, New Zealand, and Asia. The refuge is divided into two units, Punamano and Kiʻi.
Kawainui is a habitat for native Hawaiian water birds including the four endangered bird species ae’o, ʻalae ʻula, ʻalae kea, and koloa, [19] for which the United States Fish and Wildlife Service identified it as a "primary habitat". It is also used by migratory birds. [20]
A herd of axis deer in Maui. Hawaii is the most isolated major land mass in the world and that isolation has led to very high rates of endemism.Uniquely adapted endemic species are often sensitive to competition from invasive species and Hawaii has had numerous extinctions (List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands).
It was made part of the Kingdom of Hawaii by King Kamehameha IV. In 1909, Nihoa became part of the Hawaiian Islands Reservation, a federal wildlife refuge established by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. The Tanager Expedition surveyed the island in 1923, taking a comprehensive biological inventory of its many species. In 1940, it became part ...
In the era following western contact, habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaii, although native peoples are implicated in the loss of dozens of species before the arrival of Captain Cook and others, in large part due to the arrival of the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) which ...