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Metrology traceability pyramid. Metrological traceability is defined as the "property of a measurement result whereby the result can be related to a reference through a documented unbroken chain of calibrations, each contributing to the measurement uncertainty". [33]
Certified reference materials (CRMs) are 'controls' or standards used to check the quality and metrological traceability of products, to validate analytical measurement methods, or for the calibration of instruments. [1] A certified reference material is a particular form of measurement standard.
In logistics, traceability refers to the capability for tracing goods along the distribution chain on a batch number or series number basis. Traceability is an important aspect for example in the automotive industry, where it makes recalls possible, or in the food industry where it contributes to food safety.
The formal definition of calibration by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is the following: "Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties (of the calibrated instrument or ...
This process of extending calibration is called metrological traceability. [17] The use of metrological traceability to connect different regimes of measurement is similar to the idea behind the cosmic distance ladder for different ranges of astronomical length. Both calibrate different methods for length measurement using overlapping ranges of ...
An example of a generic RFID chip. Some produce traceability makers use matrix barcodes to record data on specific produce. The international standards organization EPCglobal under GS1 has ratified the EPC network standards (esp. the EPC information services EPCIS standard) which codify the syntax and semantics for supply chain events and the secure method for selectively sharing supply chain ...
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Majcen N., Taylor P., T. Martisius (Editors): Practical examples on traceability, measurement uncertainty and validation in chemistry, Vol 2; ISBN 978-92-79-18998-2, 2011. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide: Measurement uncertainty arising from sampling, 2007.