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In the late Old Latin period, the last element of the diphthongs was lowered to [e], [44] so that the diphthongs were pronounced [äe̯] and [oe̯] in Classical Latin. They were then monophthongized to [ɛː] and [eː] respectively, starting in rural areas at the end of the Republican period.
if the vowel is long or a diphthong in Latin, or in the Latin transliteration of Greek: ā, cā, scā, scrā (a long vowel) or æ, cæ, scæ, scræ (a diphthong). Latin diphthongs may be written æ or ae , œ or oe . Long vowels are written with a macron: ā ē ī ō ū ȳ, though this is a modern convention. Greek long vowels are ει, η ...
Vowel length from Latin to Romance. Oxford University Press. Penny, Ralph (2002). A history of the Spanish language. Cambridge University Press. Politzer, Robert L. (1953). Romance trends in 7th and 8th century Latin documents. Chapel hill: University of North Carolina Press. Pope, Mildred K. (1934). From Latin to modern French. Manchester ...
Old Latin had more diphthongs, but most of them changed into long vowels in Classical Latin. The Old Latin diphthong ai and the sequence āī became Classical ae . Old Latin oi and ou changed to Classical ū , except in a few words whose oi became Classical oe .
äu is used in German for the diphthong /ɔɪ/ in declension of native words with au ; elsewhere, /ɔɪ/ is written as eu . In words, mostly of Latin origin, where ä and u are separated by a syllable boundary, it represents /ɛ.ʊ/, e.g. Matthäus (a German form for Matthew).
In Classical Latin, the combination AE denotes the diphthong, which had a value similar to the long i in fine as pronounced in most dialects of Modern English. [6] Both classical and present practice is to write the letters separately, but the ligature was used in medieval and early modern writings, in part because æ was reduced to the simple ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Classical Latin and Ecclesiastical Latin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Diphthongs are also preserved in Old Latin, but in Classical Latin some tend to become monophthongs (for example oi > ū or oe, and ei > ē > ī). [4] In non-initial syllables, there was more vowel reduction.