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An onion dome is a dome whose shape resembles an onion. [1] Such domes are often larger in diameter than the tholobate (drum) upon which they sit, and their height usually exceeds their width. They taper smoothly upwards to a point.
The onion dome is for example a recurrent and important element in the architecture of Russian churches. Often Russian churches have also multi-colored filigree ornamental elements. Furthermore the colour white plays an important role in the style of Russian churches. In the past, Russian churches were made out of wood.
Unlike the cathedral in Kiev, the Novgorodian St Sophia only has five main domes rather than 13 like in Kiev (representing Christ and the twelve apostles). During the twelfth century, the central dome was redone externally to be converted into an onion dome. [13] These onion domes are a distinct feature of Russian architecture. [14]
The building features characteristic copper Onion domes atop four octagonal belfries and a large central copper-covered dome. Each dome is topped by a large, gilded Russian Orthodox cross. [3] [4] The building's facade is constructed from yellow bricks with a small amount of trim made from stone.
The gilded onion domes of the Annunciation Cathedral. Compared with the other two major Kremlin cathedrals, the Annunciation Cathedral has slightly smaller dimensions. The cathedral was built of brick, with facades of white limestone that are dressed and decorated. Iconostasis of the cathedral Annunciation Cathedral, Moscow, Russia
Plentiful timber in Russia made wooden domes common and at least partially contributed to the popularity of onion domes, which were easier to shape in wood than in masonry. [170] The earliest stone churches in Russia featured Byzantine style domes, however by the Early Modern era the onion dome had become the predominant form in traditional ...
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The domes, covered with tin, were uniformly gilded, creating an overall bright but fairly traditional combination of white, red and golden colours. [93] Moderate use of green and blue ceramic inserts provided a touch of rainbow as prescribed by the Bible. [93] While historians agree on the colour of the 16th-century domes, their shape is disputed.