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The characteristic impedance of coaxial cables (coax) is commonly chosen to be 50 Ω for RF and microwave applications. Coax for video applications is usually 75 Ω for its lower loss. See also: Nominal impedance § 50 Ω and 75 Ω
The most common impedances that are widely used are 50 or 52 ohms and 75 ohms, although other impedances are available for specific applications. The 50 / 52 ohm cables are widely used for industrial and commercial two-way radio frequency applications (including radio, and telecommunications), although 75 ohms is commonly used for broadcast ...
In the field of radio frequency (RF) and microwave engineering, by far and away the most common transmission line standard is 50 Ω coaxial cable (coax), which is an unbalanced line. 50 Ω first arose as a nominal impedance during World War II work on radar and is a compromise between two requirements. This standard was the work of the wartime ...
Most transmitters have a standard output impedance of 50 ohms, designed to feed 50 ohm coaxial cable. The transmitter is matched to the feedline by a device called an antenna tuner, antenna tuning unit, or matching network, which may be a circuit in the transmitter, or a separate piece of equipment connected between the transmitter and feedline.
RG-58/U is a type of coaxial cable often used for low-power signal and RF connections. The cable has a characteristic impedance of either 50 or 52 Ω. "RG" was originally a unit indicator for bulk RF cable in the U.S. military's Joint Electronics Type Designation System. There are several versions covering the differences in core material ...
The 50 ohm connectors are typically specified for use at frequencies up to 4 GHz and the 75 ohm version up to 2 GHz. Video (particularly HD video signals) and DS3 Telco central office applications primarily use 75 ohm BNC connectors, whereas 50 ohm connectors are used for data and RF. Many VHF receivers used 75 ohm antenna inputs, so they often ...
The flange design, inner and outer conductor dimensions are standardized, by EIA, in the RS-225, 50 Ω (ohm), and RS-259, 75 Ω, standards. They are commonly referred to by the inner diameter of the outer conductor in fractional inches.
However, normal connections between typical manufactured amateur radios and typical antennas uses 50 ohm coax. Most television applications use 75 ohm or 300 ohm cable, meaning RG-59 (most common), RG-6 (rarely, possibly long antenan runs), and twin-lead (usually in short runs from inside antennas).
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