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Methods to decrease surgical site infections in spine surgery include the application of antiseptic skin preparation (a.g. Chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol which is twice as effective as any other antiseptic for reducing the risk of infection [9]), judicious use of surgical drains, prophylactic antibiotics, and vancomycin. [10]
The researchers aimed to understand why surgical site infections (SSIs), which occur in about 1 in 30 surgeries, have not decreased despite infection prevention measures. They analyzed preoperative patient microbiomes and postoperative SSI samples using genomic analysis. [10] Of the 210 patients, 14 (6.8%) developed SSIs.
The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. [1] The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. [1]
There is insufficient evidence to show that whether applying cyanoacrylate microbial sealants on the wound site before operation is effective in reducing surgical site infection post surgery. [27] There is no evidence that one type of hand antisepsis is better than the other in preventing surgical site infection. [28] [17]
Antibiotics can be effective in reducing the occurrence of such infections. Patients should be selected for prophylaxis if the medical condition or the surgical procedure is associated with a considerable risk of infection or if a postoperative infection would pose a serious hazard to the patient's recovery and well-being. [4]
The modern day notion of asepsis is derived from the older antiseptic techniques, a shift initiated by different individuals in the 19th century who introduced practices such as the sterilizing of surgical tools and the wearing of surgical gloves during operations. [2] The goal of asepsis is to eliminate infection, not to achieve sterility. [1]
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[7] [8] [9] Laminar airflow ventilation is more frequently used in operating rooms in Europe and is considered best practice for operating rooms to prevent surgical site infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States does not find the use of laminar airflow in operating rooms beneficial. [10]