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Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems [1] characterised by social ownership of the means of production, [2] as opposed to private ownership. [3] [4] [5] It describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. [6]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to socialism: Socialism – range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and workers' self-management [ 10 ] as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
Types of socialism include a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control [1] [2] [3] of the means of production [4] [5] and organizational self-management of enterprises [6] [7] as well as the political theories and movements associated with socialism.
Within this context, socialism has undergone four periods: the first in the 19th century was a period of utopian visions (1780s–1850s); then occurred the rise of revolutionary socialist and communist movements in the 19th century as the primary opposition to the rise of corporations and industrialization (1830–1916); the polarisation of ...
The Marxist view of socialism served as a point of reference during the socialist calculation debate. Marx himself did not use the term socialism to refer to this development. Instead, Marx called it a communist society that has not yet reached its higher-stage. [8] The term socialism was popularized during the Russian Revolution by Vladimir ...
While the use of the term socialism was initially adopted to describe the philosophy of the Saint-Simonians, which advocated the socialized ownership of the means of production, the term was quickly appropriated by working class movements in the 1840s, and in the 19th century the term socialism came to encompass a wide and diverse range of ...
3.3 Socialist economy. 4 Components. 5 Typology. ... Theoretically, it may refer to an economic system that combines one of three characteristics: public and private ...
The Chinese experience with socialism with Chinese characteristics is frequently referred to as a socialist market economy where the commanding heights are state-owned, but a substantial portion of both the state and private sectors of economy are governed by market practices, including a stock exchange for trading equity and the utilization of ...