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The back-to-Africa movement was a political movement in the 19th and 20th centuries advocating for a return of the descendants of African American slaves to the African continent. The movement originated from a widespread belief among some European Americans in the 18th and 19th century United States that African Americans would want to return ...
Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL, commonly known as UNIA), through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa.
Official Blog of the UNIA: Millions For Marcus Garvey on Facebook; The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project; Marcus Garvey: The Official Site; Gale Group guide to UNIA; American Series Sample Documents Archived 2015-06-03 at the Wayback Machine—Volume I: 1826 – August 1919; 1918 UNIA Constitution
A group of 21 House Democrats signed a letter urging the president to exonerate former civil rights leader Marcus Garvey, according to a statement sent by the lawmakers to ABC News on Monday.
On the witness stand, Garvey admitted that $600,000 ($10,922,000 in 2024) had been "blown to the wind". [10] The jury convicted only Garvey, but not the other three officers, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. In 1927, President Calvin Coolidge deported Garvey back to Jamaica. The Black Star Line ceased sailing in February 1922.
Garvey never visited Africa himself, [49] and he did not speak any African language. [50] He knew very little about the continent's varied customs, languages, religions, and traditional social structures, [ 51 ] and his critics frequently believed that his views of the continent were based on romanticism and ignorance. [ 52 ]
[111] [112] The African Times and Orient Review would later encourage others to emigrate to Ethiopia as part of the back-to-Africa movement. [113] In 1919, Marcus Garvey became President of the Black Star Line, designed to forge a link between North America and Africa and facilitate African-American migration to Liberia. [114] [115]
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