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This study was a retrospective, case-control study that compared smoking habits of 684 individuals with bronchogenic carcinoma to those without the condition. [12] The survey included questions about smoking: starting age, 20 year tobacco consumption, brands used; as well as inquires about exposure to hazardous agents in the workplace, alcohol use, and causes of death for family members.
Ernst Ludwig Wynder (April 30, 1922 – July 14, 1999) was an American epidemiology and public health researcher who studied the health effects of smoking tobacco. [1] His and Evarts Ambrose Graham's joint publication of "Tobacco Smoking as a Possible Etiologic Factor in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma: A Study of 684 Proved Cases" appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
A major conclusion of the study is, for example, that smoking decreases life span up to 10 years, and that more than 50% of all smokers die of a disease known to be smoking-related, although the excess mortality depends on amount of smoking, specifically, on average, those who smoke until age 30 have no excess mortality, those who smoke until ...
We've made massive strides against the deadly disease, but rates haven't fallen for people diagnosed with the disease who've never smoked.
At least 20.8 million years of life lost from smoking tobacco alone, study reveals
By 1954 it had evidence from three years of doctors' deaths, based on which the government issued advice that smoking and lung cancer rates were related [319] [22] (the British Doctors Study last reported in 2001, [22] by which time there were approximately 40 linked diseases). [14]
cigarette smoke was the primary cause of chronic bronchitis; a correlation between smoking, emphysema, and heart disease. In addition, it reported: a causative link between smoking and a ten- to twenty-fold increase in the occurrence of lung cancer; a positive correlation between pregnant women who smoke and underweight newborns. [1]
Tobacco smoking is associated with many forms of cancer, [20] and causes 80% of lung cancer. [21] Decades of research has demonstrated the link between tobacco use and cancer in the lung, larynx, head, neck, stomach, bladder, kidney, esophagus and pancreas. [22]