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Most women in China were profoundly impacted by the Second Sino-Japanese War (also referred to in China as the War of Resistance), in which the Empire of Japan fought the Republic of China from 1937 to 1945. Women's experiences during the war depended on a variety of factors, including class, place of origin, and social connections.
In the spring of 1926, Hu Lanqi left home for Guangzhou to work for He Xiangning, Minister of Women's Affairs of the Kuomintang (KMT) government. [7] The following year, she became a cadet of the Whampoa Military Academy in Wuhan and enlisted in the KMT's National Revolutionary Army, which was then waging the Northern Expedition against the warlords.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Li served as president of a school for female officers operated by the Eighth Route Army. After Japan's defeat and the resumption of the Chinese Civil War , Li served as secretary of the People's Liberation Army's Jin-Sui and Northwest military districts.
Huang Bamei [3] (Chinese: 黃八妹; pinyin: Huáng Bāmèi; 1906 – 4 May 1982), also known as Huang P’ei-mei [4] [5] or Huang P'emei, [2] was a Chinese pirate leader who served as a naval commander in the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and the second phase of the Chinese Civil War (1945–1949), aligned with the Republic of China but at times of dubious allegiance.
She fought in the Boshin War and served as a nurse in the Russo-Japanese War and the Sino-Japanese War. Later she became a scholar and became one of the symbols of the struggle for women's rights. Niijima was one of the first people to be decorated by the Meiji Empire.
However, following the end of the war, approximately 2,800 Japanese orphans in China were left behind by families repatriating back to Japan. [4] The majority of Japanese left behind in China were women, and these Japanese women mostly married Chinese men and became known as "stranded war wives" (残留婦人, zanryū fujin). [5]
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Her efforts were recognised by the Japanese government, and she was awarded her first Order of the Precious Crown in 1896. [10] [11] Niijima Yae (right) in her later years with Evangeline Booth, General of the Salvation Army (left), circa November 1929. After the First Sino-Japanese War, Yaeko worked as an instructor in nursing schools.