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White oil is sold commercially as a petroleum oil-based organic pesticide, in both a concentrate, [3] [4] [5] and ready-to-use spray bottle or can. [6] [7]The term "horticultural oil" may be used to differentiate this petroleum oil-based product from homemade products using vegetable oil.
Venetian ceruse or Venetian white, [2] also known as blanc de céruse de Venise [3] and Spirits of Saturn, [4] was a 16th-century cosmetic used as a skin whitener. It was in great demand and considered the best available at the time, supposedly containing the best quality white lead sourced from Venice , the global merchant capital at the time.
It is also used for treating dry scalp and dandruff. [26] Although long known as just an occlusive, recent studies show that it is actually able to penetrate into the stratum corneum and helps in better absorption of other cosmetic products. Applying a significant amount of petroleum jelly onto one's face before bed is known as "slugging".
Other names, similarly imprecise, include 'white oil', 'paraffin oil', 'liquid paraffin' (a highly refined medical grade), paraffinum liquidum , and 'liquid petroleum'. Most often, mineral oil is a liquid obtained from refining crude oil to make gasoline and other petroleum products .
It is also used in the cosmetics industry. [192] Candlenut oil (Kukui nut oil), produced in Hawai'i, used primarily for skin care products. [193] Carrot seed oil (pressed), from carrot seeds, used in skin care products. [note 6] [194] Castor oil, with many industrial and medicinal uses. Castor beans are also a source of the toxin ricin. [147]
Low concentrations may be used in cosmetics. [6] Kojic acid has been found to be an effective lightener in some studies and is also allowed to be used in cosmetics. [6] Side effects include redness and eczema. [6] Glutathione is the most common agent taken by mouth to whiten the skin. [10] It can be used as a cream. [10]
Castor oil and its derivatives are found in many cosmetics as it is "non-comedogenic" (does not exacerbate or contribute to acne). [3]Cerebrosides (cells from the nervous systems of cattle or swine) were once used in some high-end skin-care products to increase moisture retention and to create a smooth skin surface, [4] however the BSE controversy has put an end to this practice.
Cranberry seed oil, equally high in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, primarily used in the cosmetic industry. Cubeb oil, used to flavor foods. Cumin seed oil/black seed oil, used as a flavor, particularly in meat products; Curry leaf oil, used to flavor food. Cypress oil, used in cosmetics; Cypriol oil, from Cyperus scariosus