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Patients are usually supported by mechanical ventilation and managed with paralytic agents to control breathing rate until a more specific treatment plan can be developed. [10] Morphine is used as the most common treatment, specifically for its ability to depress respiratory rate by reducing tidal volume to added carbon dioxide.
Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
PSD has a reported incidence of 18% to 33%, though it is commonly underdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms between stroke and depression. [3] A comprehensive meta-analysis found that over half of stroke patients experience at least one episode of depression. [4] Various risk factors increase the likelihood of developing PSD, including: [3] [4 ...
Clonidine acts on the central nervous system to inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. It is commonly used to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attacks by treating high blood pressure, anxiety and panic disorders. It also leads to decreased norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve terminals. [11]
Treatment of comorbid depression or anxiety if present. [citation needed]. Educating patients on the causes of their symptoms might help them learn to manage both the psychiatric and physical aspects of their condition. Psychological counseling is often warranted given the known relationship between conversion disorder and emotional trauma.
Ideally, people who have had stroke are admitted to a "stroke unit", a ward or dedicated area in a hospital staffed by nurses and therapists with experience in stroke treatment. It has been shown that people admitted to stroke units have a higher chance of surviving than those admitted elsewhere in hospital, even if they are being cared for by ...
Amygdala (in red) brain structures linked to anxiety disorders. The pathophysiology of GAD is an active and ongoing area of research often involving the intersection of genetics and neurological structures. [9] Generalized anxiety disorder has been linked to changes in functional connectivity of the amygdala and its processing of fear and ...
It is important for a medical professional to evaluate a person for other medical and mental causes of prolonged anxiety because treatments will vary considerably. [2] Numerous questionnaires have been developed for clinical use and can be used for an objective scoring system. Symptoms may vary between each sub-type of generalized anxiety disorder.