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  2. Polarizability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizability

    Polarizability increases down on columns of the periodic table. [9] Likewise, larger molecules are generally more polarizable than smaller ones. Water is a very polar molecule, but alkanes and other hydrophobic molecules are more polarizable. Water with its permanent dipole is less likely to change shape due to an external electric field.

  3. Water model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_model

    where μ is the electric dipole moment of the effectively polarized water molecule (2.35 D for the SPC/E model), μ 0 is the dipole moment of an isolated water molecule (1.85 D from experiment), and α i is an isotropic polarizability constant, with a value of 1.608 × 10 −40 F·m 2. Since the charges in the model are constant, this ...

  4. Dispersion (water waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersion_(water_waves)

    Dispersion of gravity waves on a fluid surface. Phase and group velocity divided by shallow-water phase velocity √ gh as a function of relative depth h / λ. Blue lines (A): phase velocity; Red lines (B): group velocity; Black dashed line (C): phase and group velocity √ gh valid in shallow water.

  5. Van der Waals force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force

    London dispersion forces are also known as 'dispersion forces', 'London forces', or 'instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces'. The strength of London dispersion forces is proportional to the polarizability of the molecule, which in turn depends on the total number of electrons and the area over which they are spread.

  6. Boussinesq approximation (water waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boussinesq_approximation...

    The waves propagate over an elliptic-shaped underwater shoal on a plane beach. This example combines several effects of waves and shallow water, including refraction, diffraction, shoaling and weak non-linearity. In fluid dynamics, the Boussinesq approximation for water waves is an approximation valid for weakly non-linear and fairly long waves.

  7. Optical rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_rotation

    For example, nine of the nineteen L-amino acids naturally occurring in proteins are, despite the L- prefix, actually dextrorotary (at a wavelength of 589 nm), and D-fructose is sometimes called "levulose" because it is levorotary. The D- and L- prefixes describe the molecule as a whole, as do the (+) and (−) prefixes for optical rotation.

  8. Dispersive partial differential equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersive_partial...

    Toggle Examples subsection. ... dispersion means that waves of different wavelength propagate at different phase velocities ... (water waves) sine–Gordon equation ...

  9. Relative permittivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity

    For example, water is very polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 80.10 at 20 °C while n-hexane is non-polar, and has a relative static permittivity of 1.89 at 20 °C. [26] This information is important when designing separation, sample preparation and chromatography techniques in analytical chemistry .