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  2. Forensic chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_chemistry

    Forensic chemists rely on a multitude of instruments to identify unknown substances found at a scene. [26] Different methods can be used to determine the identity of the same substance, and it is up to the examiner to determine which method will produce the best results.

  3. Characteristic property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_property

    A characteristic property is a chemical or physical property that helps identify and classify substances. The characteristic properties of a substance are always the same whether the sample being observed is large or small. Thus, conversely, if the property of a substance changes as the sample size changes, that property is not a characteristic ...

  4. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_chromatography–mass...

    GC–MS can also be used in airport security to detect substances in luggage or on human beings. Additionally, it can identify trace elements in materials that were previously thought to have disintegrated beyond identification. Like liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, it allows analysis and detection even of tiny amounts of a substance. [2]

  5. Forensic identification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_identification

    There is record of foot crease identification used in a criminal case to solve a murder. [6] [10] Sometimes with marks left by the foot with ink, blood, mud, or other substances, the appearance of creases or ridges become muddled or extra creases may appear due to cracked skin, folded skin, or fissures. In order to truly compare morphological ...

  6. Forensic serology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_serology

    Forensic serology is the detection, identification, classification, and study of various bodily fluids such as blood, semen, saliva, and urine, and their relationship to a crime scene. A forensic serologist may also be involved in DNA analysis and bloodstain pattern analysis.

  7. There are unknown unknowns - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_unknown_unknowns

    The term "known unknowns" has been applied to the identification of chemical substances using analytical chemistry approaches, specifically mass spectrometry. In many cases, an unknown to an investigator that is detected in an experiment is actually known in the chemical literature, a reference database, or an Internet resource.

  8. Contents of stinky 'black balls' identified after washing up ...

    www.aol.com/news/contents-stinky-black-balls...

    The NWS EPA described fatty acids as natural substances derived from oils and fats. These substances can be found in products such as cooking oils, soaps and skincare items, the government agency ...

  9. Infrared spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy

    It is used to study and identify chemical substances or functional groups in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. It can be used to characterize new materials or identify and verify known and unknown samples.