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Chronic ulcer symptoms usually include increasing pain, friable granulation tissue, foul odour, and wound breakdown instead of healing. [3] Symptoms tend to worsen once the wound has become infected. Venous skin ulcers that may appear on the lower leg, above the calf or on the lower ankle usually cause achy and swollen legs.
The vast majority of chronic wounds can be classified into three categories: venous ulcers, diabetic, and pressure ulcers. [ 8 ] [ 14 ] A small number of wounds that do not fall into these categories may be due to causes such as radiation poisoning or ischemia .
Chronic wound pain is a condition described as unremitting, disabling, and recalcitrant pain experienced by individuals with various types of chronic wounds. [1] Chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and malignant wounds can have an enormous impact on an individual’s quality of life with pain being one of the most distressing symptoms.
A venous ulcer tends to occur on the medial side of the leg, typically around the medial malleolus in the 'gaiter area' whereas arterial ulcer tends to occur on lateral side of the leg and over bony prominences. A venous ulcer is typically shallow with irregular sloping edges whereas an arterial ulcer can be deep and has a 'punched out' appearance.
Pressure ulcers can trigger other ailments, cause considerable suffering, and can be expensive to treat. Some complications include autonomic dysreflexia, bladder distension, bone infection, pyarthrosis, sepsis, amyloidosis, anemia, urethral fistula, gangrene and very rarely malignant transformation (Marjolin's ulcer – secondary carcinomas in chronic wounds).
Callous ulcer, a chronic nonhealing ulcer with hard indurated base and inelastic margins; Corneal ulcer, an inflammatory or infective condition of the cornea; Mouth ulcer, an open sore inside the mouth. Aphthous ulcer, a specific type of oral ulcer also known as a canker sore; Peptic ulcer, a discontinuity of the gastrointestinal mucosa ...
It can cause symptoms such as: Chest pain, pressure, or tightness ... Non-modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis include: ... High blood pressure. Chronic kidney disease.
These conditions create chronic vascular trauma (ischemia or hypoperfusion) in the rectal mucosa, [1] which predisposes it to ulceration, [8] and pressure necrosis. [4] Even the initial small areas of an intussusception can lead to vascular injury and reduce blood supply to the region. [ 5 ]
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