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  2. Human thermoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_thermoregulation

    Simplified control circuit of human thermoregulation. [8]The core temperature of a human is regulated and stabilized primarily by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain linking the endocrine system to the nervous system, [9] and more specifically by the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the adjacent preoptic area regions of the hypothalamus.

  3. Indirect calorimetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect_calorimetry

    This method allows estimating BEE and REE as well as identification of energy substrates that are predominantly metabolized by the body at a specific moment. It is based on the indirect measurement of the heat produced by oxidation of macronutrients, which is estimated by monitoring O 2 consumption and CO 2 production for a certain period of ...

  4. Thermal energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_energy

    Internal energy: The energy contained within a body of matter or radiation, excluding the potential energy of the whole system, and excluding the kinetic energy of the system moving as a whole. Heat: Energy in transfer between a system and its surroundings by mechanisms other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter.

  5. Heat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat

    In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings by modes other than thermodynamic work and transfer of matter. Such modes are microscopic, mainly thermal conduction, radiation, and friction, as distinct from the macroscopic modes, thermodynamic work and transfer of matter. [1]

  6. Endotherm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endotherm

    The resting human body generates about two-thirds of its heat through metabolism in internal organs in the thorax and abdomen, as well as in the brain. The brain generates about 16% of the total heat produced by the body. [8] Heat loss is a major threat to smaller creatures, as they have a larger ratio of surface area to volume.

  7. Human power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_power

    These may resemble a water wheel in appearance, and can be worked either by a human treading paddles set into its circumference (treadmill), or by a human standing inside it (treadwheel). Some devices use human power. They may directly use mechanical power from muscles, or a generator may convert energy generated by the body into electrical power.

  8. Energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy

    This creates a limit to the amount of heat energy that can do work in a cyclic process, a limit called the available energy. Mechanical and other forms of energy can be transformed in the other direction into thermal energy without such limitations. [14] The total energy of a system can be calculated by adding up all forms of energy in the system.

  9. Energy homeostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_homeostasis

    Energy intake is measured by the amount of calories consumed from food and fluids. [1] Energy intake is modulated by hunger, which is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus, [1] and choice, which is determined by the sets of brain structures that are responsible for stimulus control (i.e., operant conditioning and classical conditioning) and cognitive control of eating behavior.

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