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Farming families were mostly spared from hunger, since they produced their own food. However, most Japanese citizens bought food from the markets, which were contingent on the rationing system. In response, the Japanese government encouraged families to vacate cities for better conditions in the countryside.
Agriculture in the Empire of Japan was an important component of the pre-war Japanese economy. Although Japan had only 16% of its land area under cultivation before the Pacific War, over 45% of households made a living from farming. Japanese cultivated land was mostly dedicated to rice, which accounted for 15% of world rice production in 1937.
Assisted interned Japanese during World War II Robert Emmett Fletcher Jr. (July 26, 1911 – May 23, 2013) was an American agricultural inspector who quit his job to care for the fruit farms of Japanese families during World War II , after many Japanese Americans were forcibly sent to concentration camps as a result of Executive Order 9066 .
The Tokugawa Japan during a long period of “closed country” autarky between the mid-seventeenth century and the 1850s had achieved a high level of urbanization; well-developed road networks; the channeling of river water flow with embankments and the extensive elaboration of irrigation ditches that supported and encouraged the refinement of rice cultivation based upon improving seed ...
The rations issued by the Imperial Japanese Government usually consisted of rice with barley, meat or fish, pickled or fresh vegetables, umeboshi, shoyu sauce, miso or bean paste, and green tea. [2] A typical field ration would have 1½ cups of rice, usually mixed with barley to combat nutritional deficiencies such as beriberi . [ 3 ]
By the time World War II was in full swing, Japan had the most interest in using biological warfare. Japan's Air Force dropped massive amounts of ceramic bombs filled with bubonic plague-infested fleas in Ningbo, China. These attacks would eventually lead to thousands of deaths years after the war would end. [25]
The effective Japanese annexation of 1931 led to a colonial system (see Manchukuo (administration)). Japan invested in heavy industry, and to a lesser extent, agriculture. The General Affairs State Council retained Japanese control of official economic policy. The Central Bank of Manchou was the national central bank.
Japan's total foreign trade was equivalent to Belgium, a country with less than 10% of Japan's population. In 1897, the local monetary unit, the yen , was valued on the gold standard at a base level of 24.5 British Pence , which permits the use in the figures of the pound sterling or gold-backed US dollars.