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Early latent syphilis is defined by the World Health Organization as less than 2 years after original infection. [27] Early latent syphilis is infectious as up to 25% of people can develop a recurrent secondary infection (during which bacteria are actively replicating and are infectious). [27]
Treponema pallidum, formerly known as Spirochaeta pallida, is a microaerophilic, gram-negative, spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause the diseases syphilis, bejel (also known as endemic syphilis), and yaws. [1] It is known to be transmitted only among humans and baboons. [2]
Syphilis is a bacterial infection transmitted by sexual contact [2] and is believed to have infected 12 million people in 1999 with greater than 90% of cases in the developing world. [3] It affects between 700,000 and 1.6 million pregnancies a year, resulting in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and congenital syphilis. [4]
The decline was driven by a 13% drop in such syphilis diagnoses among gay and bisexual men, who are about 2% of the adult population but have historically accounted for nearly half of such cases.
Syphilis is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum, according to the CDC, and is most commonly spread from one person to another through vaginal, anal and oral sex, but it can also be ...
The most infectious stages of syphilis, known as primary and secondary syphilis, decreased 10.7% in 2023, marking the first substantial decrease since 2001, the report said.
Concurrent infection of T. pallidum with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been found to affect the course of syphilis. Syphilis can lie dormant for 10 to 20 years before progressing to neurosyphilis, but HIV may accelerate the rate of the progress. Also, infection with HIV has been found to cause penicillin therapy to fail more often.
Cases of the sexually transmitted infection jumped a jaw-dropping 128% in women from 2019 to 2022, with a nine-fold increase in syphilis transmitted to babies during pregnancy.
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