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In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of sublimation, or heat of sublimation, is the heat required to sublimate (change from solid to gas) one mole of a substance at a given combination of temperature and pressure, usually standard temperature and pressure (STP). It is equal to the cohesive energy of the solid.
Outgassing is a challenge to creating and maintaining clean high-vacuum environments.NASA and ESA maintain lists of materials with low-outgassing properties suitable for use in spacecraft, as outgassing products can condense onto optical elements, thermal radiators, or solar cells and obscure them.
“Every time you use your stove top to cook, small amounts of food, oil, dirt, and grime begin to build up atop it and form stains,” says Cyrus Bedwyr, an oven cleaning specialist at Fantastic ...
Solid carbon dioxide sublimes rapidly along the solid-gas boundary (sublimation point) below the triple point (e.g., at the temperature of −78.5 °C, at atmospheric pressure), whereas its melting into liquid CO 2 can occur along the solid-liquid boundary (melting point) at pressures and temperatures above the triple point (i.e., 5.1 atm, − ...
A sublimatory [1] [2] or sublimation apparatus is equipment, commonly laboratory glassware, for purification of compounds by selective sublimation. In principle, the operation resembles purification by distillation , except that the products do not pass through a liquid phase .
The source and substrate are then heated. The source is heated to some fraction of its melting temperature, and the substrate some lower temperature e.g. 640 °C and 600 °C, respectively. [2] This causes sublimation of the source, allowing vapors to travel a short distance to the substrate, where they condense, producing a thin film.
Since clean titanium is very reactive, components of the residual gas in the chamber which collide with the chamber wall are likely to react and to form a stable, solid product. Thus the gas pressure in the chamber is reduced. [1] After some time, the titanium film will no longer be clean and hence the effectiveness of the pump is reduced.
where is a function of the temperature T and a typical wood dimension L and has units of time. The typical wood dimension is roughly the smallest value of (,, /) which are the radial, tangential and longitudinal dimensions respectively, in inches, with the longitudinal dimension divided by ten because water diffuses about 10 times more rapidly ...
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