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In a piston engine, either a timing belt (also called a cambelt) or timing chain or set of timing gears is a perishable component used to synchronize the rotation of the crankshaft and the camshaft. This synchronisation ensures that the engine's valves open and close at the correct times in relation to the position of the pistons.
Toothed belts are used widely in mechanical devices, including sewing machines, photocopiers and many others. A major use of toothed belts is as the timing belt used to drive the camshafts within an automobile or motorcycle engine. As toothed belts can deliver more power than a friction-drive belt, they are used for high-power transmissions.
Belt tensions should also be adjusted to belt type, size, speed, and pulley diameters. Belt tension is determined by measuring the force to deflect the belt a given distance per inch (or mm) of pulley. Timing belts need only adequate tension to keep the belt in contact with the pulley.
Accurate control of the position and speed of the camshaft is critically important in allowing the engine to operate correctly. The camshaft is usually driven either directly, via a toothed rubber "timing belt"' or via a steel roller "timing chain". Gears have also occasionally been used to drive the camshaft. [15]
A pair of poppet valves bent by collision with a piston after timing belt failure. The engine was running at 4500 RPM. In interference engine designs, replacing a timing belt in regular intervals (manufacturers recommend intervals ranging from 60,000 to 104,000 miles) or repairing chain issues as soon as they are discovered is essential, as incorrect timing may result in the pistons and valves ...
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