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  2. Ayatollah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatollah

    Ayatollah (UK: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t ɒ l ə /, also US: / ˌ aɪ ə ˈ t oʊ l ə /; Arabic: اية الله, romanized: ʾāyatu llāh; Persian: آیت‌الله, romanized: âyatollâh [ɒːjjætˌolˈlɒːh]) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy. it came into widespread usage in the 20th century.

  3. Shia clergy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_clergy

    The title of Ayatollah (and other Iranian Shi'i titles) has been "cheapened" in recent decades. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] According to Michael M. J. Fischer , the Iranian revolution led to "rapid inflation of religious titles", and almost every senior cleric was called an Ayatollah. [ 14 ]

  4. Mullah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullah

    Mullah (/ ˈ m ʌ l ə, ˈ m ʊ l ə, ˈ m uː l ə /) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders. [1] The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law .

  5. List of fatwas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatwas

    It refers to the fatwa against the acquisition, development and use of nuclear weapons by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. [12] While the fatwa originally dates back to the mid-1990s, [ 13 ] the first public issue of it is reported to be that of October 2003, which was followed by an official statement at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy ...

  6. List of ayatollahs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ayatollahs

    India Ayatollah Syed Ali Shah Rizvi Kashmiri [45] India Alam-ul-Aalaam Ayatullah Syed Muzaffar Husain Al-Husaini – First Haadi (Supreme Authority) Jamia Jawadia, Banaras (d.1944) [45] India Ayatollah Syed Mohammad Abul Hasan Rizvi Kashmiri – Founder of Sultanul Madaris son of Ayatollah Syed Ali Shah Rizvi Kashmiri [45]

  7. Molla Ahmad Naraqi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molla_Ahmad_Naraqi

    Molla Ahmad Naraqi (1185-1245 A.H./1771-1829 C.E.) also known as known as “Fauzel Narauqee”, [1] was a Shi'i cleric ("mullah"), who has been called "the first Shi‘i jurisprudent to argue for wilayat al-faqıh al-siyasıyah, [2] or "the divine mandate of the jurisprudent to rule" during the occultation of the Imam.

  8. Abdul Ghafour (Taliban commander) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ghafour_(Taliban...

    A unit of several hundred Taliban soldiers occupied Musa Qala on February 2, 2007. [4] Eurasianet reports: "The attack laid waste to an agreement there, brokered last fall by Richards and local tribal elders, under which NATO troops agreed to withdraw from the town in return for a commitment by local Afghan leaders to oppose the Taliban."

  9. Turban knocking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turban_knocking

    A Shiite mullah with a turban on his head. Aba (Abā; Persian: عبا) and Ammame (Arabic: عمامة `emãmah) are clothes of Muslim clergy and some believe that this dress is the dress of the Prophet of Islam and should be respected. [8] Mesbah Yazdi, as a high level mullah, bestows a turban to a new mullah in the "Ceremony of Putting on a ...