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All or almost all rivers in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some rivers have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article provides known alternative names for all major European rivers.
The following conventions are used: Cognates are in general given in the oldest well-documented language of each family, although forms in modern languages are given for families in which the older stages of the languages are poorly documented or do not differ significantly from the modern languages.
Ap (áp-) is the Vedic Sanskrit term for "water", which in Classical Sanskrit only occurs in the plural āpas (sometimes re-analysed as a thematic singular, āpa-), whence Hindi āp. The term is from PIE h x ap "water". [note 1] The Indo-Iranian word also survives as the Persian word for water, āb, e.g. in Punjab (from panj-āb "five waters").
The accepted IUPAC name of water is oxidane or simply water, [102] or its equivalent in different languages, although there are other systematic names which can be used to describe the molecule. Oxidane is only intended to be used as the name of the mononuclear parent hydride used for naming derivatives of water by substituent nomenclature ...
Water god in an ancient Roman mosaic. Zeugma Mosaic Museum, Gaziantep, Turkey. A water deity is a deity in mythology associated with water or various bodies of water.Water deities are common in mythology and were usually more important among civilizations in which the sea or ocean, or a great river was more important.
The following is a list of place names often used tautologically, plus the languages from which the non-English name elements have come. Tautological place names are systematically generated in languages such as English and Russian, where the type of the feature is systematically added to a name regardless of whether it contains it already.
Translanguaging can also enhance lexical skills such as word naming and application [48] as some cognates support comprehension and morphological understanding in different languages. [49] For example, "water" in English is similar to "water" in Dutch, and "green" in English is like "groen" in Dutch. These similar words aren't just found in ...
For languages written in other writing systems, write "Romanization - native script (language)", for example "Argentine - אַרגענטינע (Yiddish)", and alphabetize it in the list by the Romanized form. Due to its size, this list has been split into four parts: List of country names in various languages (A–C)