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Collectively, their research established that certain behaviors could be learned or unlearned, and these theories have been applied in a variety of contexts, including abnormal psychology. [4] Theories specifically applied to depression emphasize the reactions individuals have to their environment and how they develop adaptive or maladaptive ...
Depression, which may be a similar kind of defense mechanism, may have become dysregulated as well. [31] Thus, unlike other evolutionary theories this one sees depression as a maladaptive extreme of something that is beneficial in smaller amounts. In particular, one theory focuses on the personality trait neuroticism. Low amounts of neuroticism ...
Figure 1: The adaptive and maladaptive cycles resulting from agonistic (hierarchical) encounters. [5]Unlike other evolutionary explanations of depression, rank theory is able to explain why depression is incapacitating: [1] by functioning as a substitute for physical damage, incapacitation prevents the 'loser' from posing a threat to the competitor they challenged.
Evolutionary psychiatry, also known as Darwinian Psychiatry, [1] [2] is a theoretical approach to psychiatry that aims to explain psychiatric disorders in evolutionary terms. [3] [4] As a branch of the field of evolutionary medicine, it is distinct from the medical practice of psychiatry in its emphasis on providing scientific explanations rather than treatments for mental disorder.
The biology of depression is the attempt to identify a biochemical origin of depression, as opposed to theories that emphasize psychological or situational causes. [ 1 ] Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD) . [ 2 ]
Cognitive psychologists offered theories on depression in the mid-twentieth century. Starting in the 1950s, Albert Ellis argued that depression stemmed from irrational "should" and "musts" leading to inappropriate self-blame, self-pity, or other-pity in times of adversity. [30]
Depressive realism is the hypothesis developed by Lauren Alloy and Lyn Yvonne Abramson [1] that depressed individuals make more realistic inferences than non-depressed individuals.
Behavioral theories of depression explain the etiology of depression with behavioral science; adherents promote the use of behavioral therapies for treatment. Evolutionary approaches to depression are attempts by evolutionary psychologists and evolutionary psychiatrists to use the theory of evolution to further understand mood disorders .
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