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  2. Wikipedia : Claims require specific evidence

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Claims_require...

    Unsubstantiated claims, which lack specific evidence, involve some common fallacies, which can mislead other editors into false conclusions. Some common fallacies of baseless claims include: Begging the question - asserting a claim as if true but without proof; Argumentum ad nauseam - repeating remarks, typically with "walls of text" which lack ...

  3. Prima facie - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prima_facie

    Prima facie (/ ˌ p r aɪ m ə ˈ f eɪ ʃ i,-ʃ ə,-ʃ i iː /; from Latin prīmā faciē) is a Latin expression meaning "at first sight", [1] or "based on first impression". [2] The literal translation would be "at first face" or "at first appearance", from the feminine forms of primus ("first") and facies ("face"), both in the ablative case.

  4. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    In the absence of sufficient evidence, drawing conclusions based on induction is unwarranted and fallacious. With the backing of sufficient amounts of the right type of empirical evidence , however, the conclusions may become warranted and convincing (at which point the arguments are no longer considered fallacious).

  5. False accusation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_accusation

    A false accusation is a claim or allegation of wrongdoing that is untrue and/or otherwise unsupported by facts. [1] False accusations are also known as groundless accusations, unfounded accusations, false allegations, false claims or unsubstantiated allegations. They can occur in any of the following contexts: Informally in everyday life

  6. Burden of proof (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(philosophy)

    Inductive reasoning also does not provide absolute certainty about positive claims. [19] [10] A negative claim may or may not exist as a counterpoint to a previous claim. A proof of impossibility or an evidence of absence argument are typical methods to fulfill the burden of proof for a negative claim. [10] [22]

  7. Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/...

    To write that someone insisted, speculated, or surmised can suggest the degree of the person's carefulness, resoluteness, or access to evidence, even when such things are unverifiable. To say that someone asserted or claimed something can call their statement's credibility into question, by emphasizing any potential contradiction or implying ...

  8. Begging the question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_the_question

    Reading this sentence, the only thing one can learn is a new word (soporific) that refers to a more common action (inducing sleep); it does not explain why opium causes that effect. A sentence that explains why opium induces sleep (or the same, why opium has soporific quality) could be the following one:

  9. Glossary of rhetorical terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_rhetorical_terms

    (For example: Claim 1: People are mortal. Claim 2: Bob is a person. Therefore, Claim 3: Bob is mortal.) Coined by Aristotle. Symbol – a visual or metaphorical representation of an idea or concept. Symploce – a figure of speech in which several successive clauses have the same first and last words. Synchysis – word order confusion within a ...