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The concept of a self-circulating thermic syphon began with stationary boilers and relatively simple Galloway tubes.They reached their peak in steam locomotive boilers, where the complexity of a syphon was justified by the need for a compact and lightweight means of increasing boiler capacity.
Twenty of the class, built in 1903, were fitted with Henry Hoy's cylindrical firebox with a corrugated steel inner furnace, inspired by contemporary textile mill boiler practice in the area. The inner furnace was designed to be stiff enough, owing to the corrugations, to avoid the need for stays .
When the Aspinall engine appeared in 1899 it leveraged the capability of the 4-4-2 to hold a larger boiler. [5] The length of the boiler increasing from 10 feet 7 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches (3.245 m) in his previous 4-4-0 design while the heating area increased from 1,108 square feet (102.9 m 2) to 1,877 square feet (174.4 m 2). [5]
The class originates in the purchase of three saddle tank locomotives ordered from Vulcan Foundry in 1886. They were fitted with an 8-foot-10-inch (2.69 m) long, 3-foot-0-inch (914 mm) diameter boiler with a pressure of 140 lbf/in 2 (965 kPa) powering two outside 13-by-18-inch (330 mm × 457 mm) cylinders connected to 3-foot-0-inch (914 mm) driving wheels.
The final twenty examples of the 2-4-2T tanks built between 1911 and 1914 added superheating, long smokeboxes on Belpaire boilers, larger big-end bearings and an increased cylinder bore of 20 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (520 mm) to the modifications that had accrued since 1899. The resulting superheated locomotives had an increased tractive effort of 24,585 ...
This also allowed the boiler to be made with a bolted joint in the outer shell and so the whole furnace and tube nest could be withdrawn for inspection and maintenance. The firebox is of limited size though, and unlike the locomotive boiler cannot expand beyond the size of the boiler shell. This limits the sustained output that is possible. [2]
A shell or flued boiler is an early and relatively simple form of boiler used to make steam, usually for the purpose of driving a steam engine. The design marked a transitional stage in boiler development, between the early haystack boilers and the later multi-tube fire-tube boilers .
The fire-tube boiler developed as the third of the four major historical types of boilers: low-pressure tank or "haystack" boilers, flued boilers with one or two large flues, fire-tube boilers with many small tubes, and high-pressure water-tube boilers. Their advantage over flued boilers with a single large flue is that the many small tubes ...
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