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Diagram of the human fetal circulatory system. Oxygenated blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein, which will drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC) through the ductus venosus or the liver. [ 5 ]
The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm .
In anatomy, the venae cavae (/ ˈ v iː n i ˈ k eɪ v i /; [1] sg.: vena cava / ˈ v iː n ə ˈ k eɪ v ə /; from Latin 'hollow veins') [2] are two large veins (great vessels) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans they are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium ...
Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava; Pulmonary arteries; Pulmonary veins; Aorta; Transposition of the great vessels is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels. [4]
The unpaired umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood derived from fetal-maternal blood exchange at the chorionic villi.More than two-thirds of fetal hepatic circulation is via the main portal vein, while the remainder is shunted from the left portal vein via the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava, eventually being delivered to the fetal right atrium.
The anterior cardinal veins (precardinal veins) contribute to the formation of the internal jugular veins and together with the common cardinal vein form the superior vena cava. The anastomosis between the two anterior cardinal veins develops into the left brachiocephalic vein .
The left superior vena cava is not shown in this image. In anatomy , a persistent left superior vena cava is the most common variation of the thoracic venous system . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is present in between 0.3% and 0.5% of the population, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] and is an embryologic remnant that results from a failure to involute .
Produces abdominal collateral veins to bypass the blocked inferior vena cava and permit venous return from the legs. Determine the direction of flow in the veins below the umbilicus. After pushing down on the prominent vein, blood will: flow toward the legs → caput medusae; flow toward the head → inferior vena cava obstruction.