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Diagram of the human fetal circulatory system. Oxygenated blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein, which will drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC) through the ductus venosus or the liver. [ 5 ]
The superior vena cava (SVC) is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter (24 mm) short length vein that receives venous return from the upper half of the body, above the diaphragm .
In anatomy, the venae cavae (/ ˈ v iː n i ˈ k eɪ v i /; [1] sg.: vena cava / ˈ v iː n ə ˈ k eɪ v ə /; from Latin 'hollow veins') [2] are two large veins (great vessels) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans they are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium ...
Superior vena cava; Inferior vena cava; Pulmonary arteries; Pulmonary veins; Aorta; Transposition of the great vessels is a group of congenital heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels. [4]
The anterior cardinal veins (precardinal veins) contribute to the formation of the internal jugular veins and together with the common cardinal vein form the superior vena cava. The anastomosis between the two anterior cardinal veins develops into the left brachiocephalic vein .
The unpaired umbilical vein carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood derived from fetal-maternal blood exchange at the chorionic villi.More than two-thirds of fetal hepatic circulation is via the main portal vein, while the remainder is shunted from the left portal vein via the ductus venosus to the inferior vena cava, eventually being delivered to the fetal right atrium.
The pathway of fetal umbilical venous flow is umbilical vein left portal vein ductus venosus inferior vena cava eventually right atrium.. This anatomic course is important to recall when assessing the success of neonatal umbilical venous catheterization, as failure to cannulate through the ductus venosus results in malpositioned hepatic catheterization via the left or right portal veins.
The crista terminalis (also known as the terminal crest, [citation needed] or crista terminalis of His [1]) is a vertical ridge on the [2]: 56 posterolateral [3] inner surface of the adult right atrium extending between the superior vena cava, and the inferior vena cava.