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The common biomolecular mechanisms underlying addiction – CREB and ΔFosB – were reviewed by Eric J. Nestler in a 2013 review. [3] Genetics and mental disorders may precipitate the severity of a drug addiction. It is estimated that 50% of healthy individuals developing an addiction can trace the cause to genetic factors. [4]
Research has consistently shown strong associations between affective disorders and substance use disorders. Specifically, people with mood disorders are at increased risk of substance use disorders. [1] Affect and addiction can be related in a variety of ways as they play a crucial role in influencing motivated behaviours.
This model classifies addiction as a diagnosable disease just as cancer or diabetes. It attributes addiction to a chemical imbalance in an individual's brain associated with genetics or environmental factors. [3] The other model is the choice model of addiction, which contends that addiction is a result of voluntary actions rather than brain ...
Indeed, the disease model impedes these natural life processes. The biological mechanisms typically claimed to underlie all forms of addiction (CREB and ΔFosB) — while psychosocial factors are considered as only tangential issues leading to lesser or greater use and exposure — were reviewed by Eric J. Nestler in 2013. [1]
Under the model of alcoholism, alcohol use disorder is viewed as chronic problem for which abstinence is required. [4] A brain disease model of addiction, based on the extent of neuroadaptation and impaired control, is main position advanced for proposing a disease model of alcohol use disorder. [5]
Cyclothymia (/ ˌ s aɪ k l ə ˈ θ aɪ m i ə /, siy-kluh-THIY-mee-uh), also known as cyclothymic disorder, psychothemia / psychothymia, [5] bipolar III, [6] affective personality disorder [7] and cyclothymic personality disorder, [8] is a mental and behavioural disorder [9] that involves numerous periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of elevated mood. [3]
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Addiction is classified as a chronic brain disorder by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM). [5] There are several reasons why people develop an addiction. A predisposition to the addictive qualities of substances may be inherited by some people, making it a genetic circumstance. Another cause for addictions could be the environment.