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Infrared astronomy is a sub-discipline of astronomy which specializes in the observation and analysis of astronomical objects using infrared (IR) radiation. The wavelength of infrared light ranges from 0.75 to 300 micrometers, and falls in between visible radiation, which ranges from 380 to 750 nanometers , and submillimeter waves.
Infrared astronomy is founded on the detection and analysis of infrared radiation, wavelengths longer than red light and outside the range of our vision. The infrared spectrum is useful for studying objects that are too cold to radiate visible light, such as planets, circumstellar disks or nebulae whose light is blocked by dust.
Far infrared image of the Andromeda galaxy from the Herschel Space Observatory. Far-infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that deals with objects visible in far-infrared radiation (extending from 30 μm towards submillimeter wavelengths around 450 μm).
An infrared telescope is a telescope that uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies. Infrared light is one of several types of radiation present in the electromagnetic spectrum . All celestial objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit some form of electromagnetic radiation . [ 1 ]
The infrared surface brightness of the Galactic cirrus must correlate with the neutral hydrogen column densities, since they originate from the same, low-density structure. After the removal of the HI-correlated part, the remaining surface brightness was identified as the cosmic infrared background at 60, 100, 140, and 240μm.
Infrared light can penetrate cosmic dust clouds, allowing us to peer into regions of star formation and the centers of galaxies. NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope was the largest infrared space telescope, before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope.
It allowed to perform infrared astronomy; among other discoveries are "the first measurement of the internal energies of Jupiter and Saturn, far-infrared observations of the great nebula in Orion, studies of star formation regions and the bright IR sources at the center of the Milky Way galaxy", and also to determine the nature of Venus' clouds ...
In infrared astronomy, the J band refers to an atmospheric transmission window (1.1 to 1.4 μm) centred on 1.25 micrometres (in the near-infrared). Betelgeuse is the brightest near-IR source in the sky with a J band magnitude of −2.99. [ 1 ]