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Christian socialism is a religious and political philosophy that blends Christianity and socialism, endorsing socialist economics on the basis of the Bible and the teachings of Jesus. [1] Many Christian socialists believe capitalism to be idolatrous and rooted in the sin of greed .
Along these lines, various thinkers have argued for Christian communism, Christian socialism, Christian nationalism, Christian anarchism, Christian libertarianism, Christian democracy, the divine right of kings, or tsarist autocracy. Others believe that Christians should have little interest or participation in politics or government, or none ...
Christian democracy has drawn mainly from Catholic social teaching [3] [4] and neo-scholasticism, [5] [6] [7] as well as the Neo-Calvinist tradition within Christianity; [8] [9] it later gained ground with Lutherans and Pentecostals, [nb 1] among other denominational traditions of Christianity in various parts of the world.
The underlying Christian democracy movement emerged in 19th-century Europe, largely under the influence of Catholic social teaching and Neo-Calvinist theology. [1] [2] Christian democracy continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America, though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been diluted by secularisation.
Christian democracy has been the predominant centre-right ideology in continental Europe, particularly in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. It has performed most successfully in Catholic countries, while Christian democracy in other countries takes on more left-wing positions or fails to gain influence. [12]
Ethical socialism was founded in the 1920s by R. H. Tawney, a British Christian socialist, and its ideals were connected to Christian socialist, Fabian, and guild socialist ideals. [22] Ethical socialism has been publicly supported by British Prime Ministers Ramsay MacDonald, [23] Clement Attlee, [24] and Tony Blair. [21]
The relations between the Catholic Church and the state have been constantly evolving with various forms of government, some of them controversial in retrospect. In its history, the Church has had to deal with various concepts and systems of governance, from the Roman Empire to the medieval divine right of kings, from nineteenth- and twentieth-century concepts of democracy and pluralism to the ...
The Christian Socialist Movement was founded in 1960 when the Society of Socialist Clergy and Ministers and the Socialist Christian League merged. R. H. Tawney made one of his last public appearances at the movement's inaugural meeting on 22 January 1960. Donald Soper chaired the movement until becoming its President in 1975.