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Setting aside other factors (e.g., balancing selection, and genetic drift), the equilibrium number of deleterious alleles is then determined by a balance between the deleterious mutation rate and the rate at which selection purges those mutations. Mutation–selection balance was originally proposed to explain how genetic variation is ...
The adaptive value can be measured by contribution of an individual to the gene pool of their offspring. The adaptive values are approximately calculated from the rates of change in frequency and mutation–selection balance. [2]
Balancing selection refers to a number of selective processes by which multiple alleles (different versions of a gene) are actively maintained in the gene pool of a population at frequencies larger than expected from genetic drift alone. Balancing selection is rare compared to purifying selection. [1]
Mutation will have a very subtle effect on allele frequencies through the introduction of new allele into a population. Mutation rates are of the order 10 −4 to 10 −8, and the change in allele frequency will be, at most, the same order. Recurrent mutation will maintain alleles in the population, even if there is strong selection against them.
Nearly neutral mutations are those that carry selection coefficients less than the inverse of twice the effective population size. [30] The population dynamics of nearly neutral mutations are only slightly different from those of neutral mutations unless the absolute magnitude of the selection coefficient is greater than 1/N, where N is the ...
For neutral mutations, the rate of fixation per generation is equal to the mutation rate per replication. A relatively constant mutation rate thus produces a constant rate of change per generation (molecular clock). Slightly deleterious mutations with a selection coefficient less than a threshold value of 1 / the effective population size can ...
Genes can only be inherited together when recombination is suppressed, for example when selection favors certain allelic combinations. [6] The lack of recombination can lead to the accumulation of mutations in both supergene clusters [ 1 ] [ 6 ] and this could generate a feedback loop: [ 1 ] when natural selection favours heterozygotes, few ...
The probability of survival, S, determines the amount of information contributed by natural selection— and information is the negative log of probability. Therefore, a genome can only survive unchanged when < For example, the very simple genome where L = 1 and q = 1 is