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Bleeding is typically divided into two main types: upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. [2] Causes of upper GI bleeds include: peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis and cancer, among others. [3] Causes of lower GI bleeds include: hemorrhoids, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease among ...
Blood in stool looks different depending on how early it enters the digestive tract—and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to—and how much there is. The term can refer either to melena, with a black appearance, typically originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding; or to hematochezia, with a red color, typically originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. [6]
The ulcer is known initially as a peptic ulcer before the ulcer burns through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenal wall. A diagnosis is made by taking an erect abdominal/chest X-ray (seeking air under the diaphragm). This is in fact one of the very few occasions in modern times where surgery is undertaken to treat an ulcer. [3]
It is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. [1] [7] The primary symptoms of active disease are abdominal pain and diarrhea mixed with blood (hematochezia). [1] Weight loss, fever, and anemia may also occur. [1] Often, symptoms come on slowly and can range from mild to severe. [1]
The colon is the primary site of amebiasis. Sometimes patients present with colon ulceration but no diffuse colitis. In patients who do not have acute diarrhea or colitis, ulcers are usually small, single or multiple, with well-defined margins, more often in the right colon, and surrounded by normal mucosa. [17]
Boutelier et al. [8] noted on gastroscopy ulcers and erosions at the level of the neck of the hernia in individuals with acute and chronic bleeding, but no detailed description was given. Cameron and Higgins in 1986 [ 1 ] described linear gastric erosions, later called "Cameron lesions", in people with x-rays showing one-third or more of the ...
Endoclips have found use in treating gastrointestinal bleeding (both in the upper and lower GI tract), in preventing bleeding after therapeutic procedures such as polypectomy, and in closing gastrointestinal perforations. Many forms of endoclips exist of different shapes and sizes, including two and three prong devices, which can be ...
Intestinal ischemia is a medical condition in which injury to the large or small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply. [2] It can come on suddenly, known as acute intestinal ischemia, or gradually, known as chronic intestinal ischemia. [1]