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Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events. Proteins responsible for detecting stimuli are generally termed receptors , although in some cases the term sensor is used. [ 1 ]
The signal transduction component labeled as "MAPK" in the pathway was originally called "ERK," so the pathway is called the MAPK/ERK pathway. The MAPK protein is an enzyme, a protein kinase that can attach phosphate to target proteins such as the transcription factor MYC and, thus, alter gene transcription and, ultimately, cell cycle progression.
The basic unit of the Reactome database is a reaction; reactions are then grouped into causal chains to form pathways [115] The Reactome data model allows us to represent many diverse processes in the human system, including the pathways of intermediary metabolism, regulatory pathways, and signal transduction, and high-level processes, such as ...
There are three kinds of contextual factors that determine the shape the TGF-β response: the signal transduction components, the transcriptional cofactors and the epigenetic state of the cell. The different ligands and receptors of TGF-β are significant as well in the composition signal transduction pathway. [2]
Akt/PKB signalling pathway; AMPK signalling pathway; cAMP-dependent pathway; Eph/ephrin signalling pathway; Hedgehog signalling pathway; Hippo signalling pathway; Insulin signal transduction pathway; JAK-STAT signalling pathway; MAPK/ERK signalling pathway; mTOR signalling pathway; Nodal signalling pathway; Notch signalling pathway; PI3K/AKT ...
There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G-protein coupled receptors: the cAMP signaling pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway. [17] Both are mediated via G protein activation. The G-protein is a trimeric protein, with three subunits designated as α, β, and γ.
These pathways are activated by second messengers which initiate signal cascades involving various proteins which are important to the cell's response. G protein-gated ion channels are associated with a specific type of G protein-coupled receptor. These ion channels are transmembrane ion channels with selectivity filters and a G protein binding ...
Pathway Potential Functions Description KSR: MAPK: Assembly and localization of the RAS-ERK pathway: One of the best studied signaling pathways in biology is the RAS-ERK pathway in which the RAS G-protein activates the MAPKKK RAF, which activates the MAPKK MEK1 (MAPK/ERK kinase 1), which then activates the MAPK ERK. Several scaffold proteins ...