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When using Advanced Format drives with legacy operating systems, it is important to realign the disk drive using software provided by the hard disk manufacturer. Disk realignment is necessary to avoid a performance degrading condition known as cluster straddling where a shifted partition causes filesystem clusters to span partial physical disk ...
Disk formatting is the process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk drive, solid-state drive, floppy disk, memory card or USB flash drive for initial use. In some cases, the formatting operation may also create one or more new file systems .
For most disks, each sector stores a fixed amount of user-accessible data, traditionally 512 bytes for hard disk drives (HDDs), and 2048 bytes for CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs and BD-ROMs. [1] Newer HDDs and SSDs use 4096 byte (4 KiB) sectors, which are known as the Advanced Format (AF). The sector is the minimum storage unit of a hard drive. [2]
Advanced Format hard disks use 4096 bytes per sector since 2010, but will also be able to emulate 512 byte sectors for a transitional period. Linux, and by extension Android, supports a logical sector size far larger, officially documented in the Man page for the filesystem utilities as up to 32KB.
In 2010, hard-disk manufacturers introduced drives with 4,096‑byte sectors (Advanced Format). [3] For compatibility with legacy hardware and software, those drives include an emulation technology ( 512e ) that presents 512‑byte sectors to the entity accessing the hard drive, despite their underlying 4,096‑byte physical sectors. [ 4 ]
Since the end of 2009, disk drives employing 4096-byte sectors (4Kn or Advanced Format) have been available, although the size of the sector for some of these drives was still reported as 512 bytes to the host system through conversion in the hard-drive firmware and referred to as 512 emulation drives .
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2009 - Western Digital is the first to offer a 1 TB hard drive in a 2.5 inch form factor. [57] 2009 – Western Digital ships first HDD with dual stage piezoelectric actuator [58] 2010 – First hard drive manufactured by using the Advanced Format of 4,096‑byte sectors instead of 512‑byte sectors. [59]: Overview